Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series www.stephan-mueller-spec-publ-ser.net 1868-4556 1868-4564 4 Geology, geophysics and tectonics of Northeastern Russia: a tribute to Leonid Parfenov 2009 10.5194/smsps-4-177-2009 http://www.stephan-mueller-spec-publ-ser.net/4/177/2009/ http://www.stephan-mueller-spec-publ-ser.net/4/177/2009/smsps-4-177-2009.html http://www.stephan-mueller-spec-publ-ser.net/4/177/2009/smsps-4-177-2009.pdf 177 200 2009-09-17 Provenance analysis and tectonic setting of the Triassic clastic deposits in Western Chukotka, Northeast Russia M. I. Tuchkova tuchkova@ginras.ru S. Sokolov I. R. Kravchenko-Berezhnoy Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia The study area is part of the Anyui subterrane of the Chukotka microplate, a key element in the evolution of the Amerasia Basin, located in Western Chukotka, Northeast Russia. The subterrane contains variably deformed, folded and cleaved rhythmic Triassic terrigenous deposits which represent the youngest stage of widespread marine deposition which form three different complexes: Lower-Middle Triassic, Upper Triassic (Carnian) and Upper Triassic (Norian). All of the complexes are represented by rhythmic interbeds of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Macrofaunas are not numerous, and in some cases deposits are dated by analogy to, or by their relationship with, other units dated with macrofaunas. The deposits are composed of pelagic sediments, low-density flows, high-density flows, and shelf facies associations suggesting that sedimentation was controlled by deltaic progradation on a continental shelf and subsequent submarine fan sedimentation at the base of the continental slope. Petrographic study of the mineral composition indicates that the sandstones are lithic arenites. Although the Triassic sandstones appear similar in outcrop and by classification, the constituent rock fragments are of diverse lithologies, and change in composition from lower grade metamorphic rocks in the Lower-Middle Triassic to higher grade metamorphic rocks in the Upper Triassic. This change suggests that the Triassic deposits represent an unroofing sequence as the source of the clastic material came from more deeply buried rocks with time. Akimenko, G. I. and Akimenko, A. V.: Report on 1:200 000 Geological Mapping and General Exploration, Quadrangle R-58, between Anyui and Chaun Rivers, second edition, Ministerstvo Prirodnykh Resursov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Anyuiskoe Gosudarstvennoe Gorno-Geologicheskoe Predpriyatie, Bilibino, 2000 (in Russian). Bhatia, M. R.: Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones, J. Geol., 91, 611–627, 1983. Bhatia, M. R. and Crook, K. A. W.: Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic discrimination of sedimentary basins, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 92, 181–193, 1986. Beus, A.: Geochemistry of the Lithosphere, Nedra, Moscow, 1972 (in Russian). Bondarenko, G.: Tectonics and Geodynamic Evolution of the Mesozoic Fold Belts Along the Northern Circum-Pacific, abstract of thesis, Moscow State University, Moscow, 2004 (in Russian). Bondarenko, G. Y. and Luchitskaya, M. V.: Tectonic evolution of the Alyarmaut uplift, Western Chukotka, northeast Asia, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prirody. Otd. Geol., 2003(3), 18–27, 2003 (in Russian). Bychkov, Yu. M.: Stratigraphic scheme of the Triassic deposits of the central part of the Chaun region, in Trudy Mezhvedomstvennogo Soveshchaniya po Razrabotke Unifitsirovannykh Stratigraficheskikh Skhem Severo-Vostoka SSSR, Magadan, 239–242, 1959 (in Russian). Bychkov, Yu. M.: A comparison between the Triassic deposits of northern Chukotka and northern Yukon, in: Geology of the Amerasian Basin, NPO Sevmorgeologiya, Sankt Peterburg, 84–93, 1991 (in Russian). Bychkov, Yu. M.: Structure-Facies Zonation and Biostratigraphy of the Triassic deposits of Chukotka, SVKNII DVO RAN, Magadan, 1994a (in Russian). Bychkov, Yu. M.: Triassic Deposits of northeast Russia, SVKNII DVO RAS, Magadan, 1994b (in Russian). Dickinson, W. R. and Suczek, C. A.: Plate tectonics and sandstone composition, AAPG Bull., 63, 2164–2182, 1979. Embry, A. and Dixon, J.: The breakup unconformity of the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean, Evidence from Arctic Canada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102, 1526–1534, 1990. Fujita, K. and Newberry, J. T.: Tectonic evolution of Northeastern Siberia and adjacent regions, Tectonophysics, 89, 337–357, 1982. Gel'man, M. L.: The Triassic diabase formations of the Anyui zone (Chukotka), Geol. Geofiz., 4(2), 127–134, 1963 (in Russian). Gel'man, M. L.: Gold mineralization and granitic magmatism of the Northern Pacific, Proceedings of the 4$^th$ Regional Petrographic Conference on the Northeast of Russia, SVKNII DVO RAN, Magadan, Russia, 5–74, 2000 (in Russian). Gorodinsky, M. E. and Paraketsov, K. V.: Stratigraphy and tectonics of the Mesozoic deposits of the Rauchua basin, Materialy po Geologii i Poleznym Iskopaemym Severo-Vostoka SSSR, 14, 13–26, 1960 (in Russian). Grantz, A., Eittreim, S., and Dinter, D. A.: Geology and tectonic development of the continental margin north of Alaska, Tectonophysics, 50, 263–291, 1979. Grantz, A., May, S. D., and Hart, P. E.: Geology of Arctic continental margin of Alaska, in: The Geology of North America, v L, The Arctic Ocean Region, edited by: Grantz, A., Johnson, L., and Sweeney, J. F., Geological Society of America, Boulder, 257–288, 1990. Gusev, G. S.: On the question on the presence of a Hyperborean platform within the limits of the Soviet Arctic regions, in: Questions on the Comparative Tectonics of Ancient Platforms, Nauka, Moscow, 79–92, 1964 (in Russian). Lentz, D. (Ed.): Geochemistry of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks: Evolutionary Consideration to Mineral Deposit-Forming Environments, Geo-Text~4, Geological Association of Canada, Toronto, 2003. Johnson, H. D. and Baldwin, C. T.: Shallow siliciclastic seas, in: Sedimentary Environments and Facies, edited by: Reading, H. G., Blackwell, Oxford, 2nd edn., 229–282, 1986. Kossovskaya, A. G. and Tuchkova, M. I.: Problem of the Mineralogical-Petrochemical Classification and Genesis of Sandy Rocks, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 23(2), 25–38, 1988. Kuz'michev, A. B., Solovyov, A. V., and Gonikberg, A. V.: Syncollisional Mesozoic terrigenous deposits of Bolshoy Lyakhov Island (New Siberian Islands), Stratigr. Geo. Correl+, 14, 33–53, 2006 (in Russian). Mason, B.: Basic Geochemistry, Nedra, Moscow, 1971 (in Russian). Miller, E. L., Toro, J., Gehrels, G., Amato, J. M., Prokopiev, A., Tuchkova, M. I., Akinin, V. V., Dumitru, T. A., Moore, T. E., and Cecile, M. P.: New Insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, Tectonics, 26, TC3013, doi:10.1029/2005TC001830, 2006. Natal'in, B. A.: Early Mesozoic Eugeosynclinal Systems in the Northern Part of the Circum-Pacific Belt, Nauka, Moscow, 1984 (in Russian). Nokleberg, W. J., Parfenov, L. M., Monger, J. W. H., Baranov, B.V., Byalobzhesky, S.G., Bundtzen, T. K., Feeney, N. D., Fujita, K., Gordey, S. P., Grantz, A., Khanchuk, A. I., Natal'in, B. A., Natapov, L. M., Norton, I. O., Patton W. W., Plafker, G., Jr., Scholl, D. W., Sokolov S. D., Sosunov, G. M., Stone, D. B., Tabor, R.W., Tsukanov, N. V., Vallier, T. L., and Wakita, K.: Circum-North Pacific Tectonostratigraphic Terrane Map, Scale 1:5 000 000, US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 94–714, 1994. Nokleberg, W. J., West, T. D., Dawson, K. M., Shpikerman, V. I., Bundtzen, T. K., Parfenov, L. M., Monger, J. W. H., Ratkin, V. V., Baranov, B. V., Byalobzhesky, S. G., Diggles, M. F., Eremin, R. A., Fujita, K., Gordey, S. P., Gorodinskiy, M. E., Goryachev, N. A., Feeney, T. D., Frolov, Y. F., Grantz, A., Khanchuck, A. I., Koch, R. D., Natalin, B. A., Natapov, L. M., Norton, I. O., Patton Jr., W. W., Plafker, G., Pozdeev, A. I., Rozenblum, I. S., Scholl, D. W., Sokolov, S. D., Sosunov, G. M., Stone, D. B., Tabor, R. W., Tsukanov, N. V., and Vallier, T. L.: Summary Terrane, Mineral Deposit, and Metallogenic Belt Maps of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera, US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 98–136, 1998. Parfenov, L. M.: Continental Margins and Island Arcs in the Mesozoides of Northeastern Asia, Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1984 (in Russian). Parfenov, L. M., Natapov, L. M., Sokolov, S. D., and Tsukanov, N. V.: Terrane analysis and accretion in northeast Asia, Isl. Arc, 2, 35–54, 1993. Pettijohn, F. J.: Sedimentary Rocks, Harper and Row, New York, 3rd ed., 1975. Reading, H. G.: Sedimentary Environments and Facies, Elsevier, New York, 1978. Reineck, H.-E. and Singh, I. B.: Depositional Sedimentary Environments, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975. Sadovsky, A. I.: New data on the stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Mesozoic deposits of the Kolyma River, Geol. Geofiz., 3(8), 114–117, 1962 (in Russian). Selley, R. C.: Ancient Sedimentary Environments and Their Sub-surface Diagnosis, Chapman and Hall, London, 1985. Seslavinskiy, K. B.: Structure and development of the South-Anyui suture zone (Western Chukotka), Geotectonika, 1970(5), 56–68, 1970 (in Russian). Seslavinskiy, K. B.: The South Anyui Suture (Western Chukotka), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR+, 249, 1181–1185, 1979 (in Russian). Shutov, V. D.: Classification of sandstones, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 1967(5), 86–103, 1967 (in Russian). Sokolov, S. D., Bondarenko, G. E., Morozov, O. L., and Luchitskaya, M. V.: The tectonics of the junction zone between the Verkhoyansk-Chukotka and Koryak-Kamchatka fold belts, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prirody. Otd. Geol, 76, 24–37, 2001 (in Russian). Sokolov, S. D., Ledneva, G. V., and Pease, V. L.: New data on age and genesis of the igneous rocks of Kolyuchin Bay, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 425, 785–789, 2009 (in Russian). Solovyev, G. I., Kononov, V. A., and Pedanyuk, G. I.: Report on 1:200 000 Geological Mapping and General Exploration, Quadrangle R-58-XXXIII-XXXIV, between the Anyui and Chaun Rivers, Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, Anyuiskoe Gosudarstvennoe Gorno-Geologicheskoe Predpriyatie, Leningrad, VSEGEI, 1981 (in Russian). Tibilov, I. V., Begunov, S. F., Larionov, Ya. C., and Piankov, A. Ya.: On the stratigraphy of the Triassic of the Chukchi structural-facies region, Materialy po Geologiya i Poleznym Iskopaemym Severo-Vostoka SSSR, 26, 15–22, 1982 (in Russian). Til'man, S. M.: Tectonic structure of the Prikolyma. Materialy po Geologiya i Poleznym Iskopaemym Severo-Vostoka SSSR, 13, 21–34, 1958 (in Russian). Til'man, S. M.: Tectonics and History of Development of the Northeastern Prikolyma, SVKNII DVO AN SSSR, Magadan, 1962 (in Russian). Til'man, S. M. and Yegorov, D. F.: New data on the stratigraphy and tectonics of the right bank of the Kolyma River, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR+, 113, 421–424, 1957 (in Russian). Til'man, S. M. and Sosunov, G. M.: Some features of the development of the Chukotka geosynclinal zone in Early Triassic Time, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR+, 130, 834–837, 1960 (in Russian). Tuchkova, M. I., Morozov, O. L., Akimenko, G. I., and Katkov, S. M.: Sedimentation and mineral composition of Lower-Middle Triassic deposits of the Enmynveem River (Western Chukotka), Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2007(5), 486–502, 2007 (in Russian). Yegorov, D. F.: Stratigraphic scheme of the Permian (?) and Triassic of the Anyui fold zone, in: Trudy Mezhvedomstvennogo Soveshchaniya po Razrabotke Unifitsirovannykh Stratigraficheskikh Skhem Severo-Vostoka SSSR, Magadan Publication House, Magadan, 8–11, 1959 (in Russian). Yegorov, D. F.: Report on 1:200 000 Geological Mapping and General Exploration, Quadrangle Q-58-V-VI, between the Anyui and Chaun Rivers, Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, Anyuiskoe Gosudarstvennoe Gorno-Geologicheskoe Predpriyatie, Leningrad, VSEGEI, 1962 (in Russian). Zolotarev, B. P. and Choporov, D. Y.: Petrochemistry of basalts, R/V Glomar Challenger, Leg 45 Holes 395, 395A, and 396, Init. Rep. Deep Sea, 45, 479–492, 1978.